Pneumatic hammer.



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PNEUMATlS HAMMER.

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, Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

atkins)- I. JONES.

TNEUMTE HAMMER.

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.UNITED STATES PATET omiten.

CHARLES L. JONES., F URBANA., ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

To alljzrliom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I. CHaaLi-:s L.-Jox1-:s, a citizen yof the Uniied States, residing at Urbana, in the county 0f `Champaign and, State of Iilinois, have invented n ew and mers, of which the following is a specifica- This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in pneumatic hammers; and its object is to providea novel construction of airfeed passages and valve mechanism for operating the concussion hammer or plunger in both directions, and to provide also a means for the ready application and use of dili'erent types of tools.

' vThe invention con-:ists of the features of construction. combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described 'and "claimed: reference being had -to the accontpauying drawings, in which I"igure l is a vertical longitudinal section through thetool with the parts in position for feeding air for the stroke movement of the hammer and the exhaust ofair employed in the previous return stroke. Fig. 2. is a View in side elevationot the tool. Figs. 3 and 4 are, respectively, transverse and longitudinal sections on an enlarged scale taken on the lines 3 3 and 4 1 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse section through the cylinder. Figs. 6 and 7 arezviews of the valve casing. Figs. 8 and i) are views of the feed valve. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the chuck head. Fig. l is a similar view of the holding clip therefor.v

eferring to the drawings. the numeral l designates the handle of the tool, which is hiep-shaped and provided upon its outeL or forward side with an extension 2 forming a i chest for the valve mechanism, said chest or extension being formed with an internally4 threaded fiange to receive the externally threaded inner end of a cylinder 4, in which the hammer. piston or plunger 5 is arranged to reciprocate.

Fitted in the outer end of the cylinder is a concussion tub: or bushing (i. 1n which the shank of thi:I tool or chisel A. is inserted to receive the blow of piston 5, whose lower end is reduced to form a striking portion 7 .c against the same. Receiving Specification of Letters-Patent. Y

and inclosing the projecting portion of the tube isa tool holder or chuck head l0 formed with anonciilcular socket` 11 to receive the noncircular end-portion A1 of the tool. The

rear portion of the head which receives the end ofthe tube'G is in-tlie form of a flange or collar 12 provided with pins t3 fitted withinA 'ing the chuck head agiinst outward movement and displacemel'it, and comprises a Lars tially circular spring band having at ts free ends flanges or fingers 1S and 1f) to icspectively engage the said annular grcoves in the head and cylinder. B v thisinieans the head is detachably secured in position, aud yet upon expanding the clip may be readily released and removed, thus permitting of the convenient, application and use, as' well as the disciinnecticn. of different kinds of interchangeable chucks or tool holders for the reception of the shanks of tools having noncircnlar poltions. The bushing 6 is normally adapted to receive the shank of a tool in which the shank is circular throughout, in which even'. the use of the chuck is not required.-

The extension or chest .2 isqsored to form a transverse chamber Q0 which is separated from the cylinder receiving space or chamber formed by the flange 3 by a partition Q1, against which the inner end oi the cylinder elo-.ely bears. The chamber-'Q0 is in communication at one end through a flaring recess 2'2 with a final exhaust port (one or more) :23, while the opposite end of the chamber is internally threaded, as at :'Z-l. 'ithin the chamber 20 is arranged a cylindrical or tubular barrel or feed valve casing Q5 having a head 26 at'cne end and open at its opposite end. The casing snugly lits said chamber and its head 26 bears against the end wall of the chamber adjacent the recess 22, while the opposite end of the casinfr is closed by the reduced inner end 2T or a.

, Patented J an. 11, 1910.

Application filed. April 28, 1908. Serial. No. 429,756.

llt.)

blade of a screwr driver or otheitool in apcesses adapted to be engaged by a locksl otted to detachably engage a headed keeper'- in 33. The slot in the key is of keyhole orm, so that when forced outward the shank of the pin will engage'the narrow portion of the slot and thus retain the key in position.

By pressing 'the'stud 'carrying end of the key outward, the stud may be 'isengaged from the depression 30 in which it is fitted and the key then slipped out of lengagement with the pin to permit the plug to be adjusted or removed.l When the plug is disengaged, the valve casing and valve, hereinafter described, may be readily inserted or 'detached so as to permit 'of the convenient renewal-or repair of these parts of the apparatus. The feed valve 3l is in the form of a solid plug or cylinder fitted within the casing and ot' less length than the same to permit said Avalve to have the required reverse longitudinal movements for the supply yof air to actuate the hammer orplungerin .reverse directions. In order to hold said valve from rotation, while permitting free reciprocatory movements thereof, the head `with an air feed passage formed in the handle l, which latter is provided with a suitable form of extcnsionor connection for the reception of the end'of an air supply tube or'pipe, while in the bottoniportion of the valve' casing diametrically opposite the said port 3i' is a port 40, such ports 3T and 40 constituting main feed ports for the supply of air from the passage 3S to the cylinder for the purpose of impelling the hammer on its working stroke. The-feed of air through the passage 38 is controlled by a suitable construction of throttle valve 41 having a stem or controlling member G which projects into the receiving space or opening in the handle and carries an operating knob or finger piece 4T.

Formed in the underside of the feed valve chamber in alinement with the port 40 are ports 18, 49 and 50, while in the closed end of said chamber is formed an exhaust port 51 communicating with the port The front side of the chamber is also formed with ports 52 and 53 opening into a .longitudinal groove 54 extending through the A closed end of the casing for communication with the port In the rear -side of the 'wire chamber or casing dianietrxcally opposite the port 52 is pi'ovideda poit 55, and below said port the casing is formed with l l l i l a an exhaust/groove or channel 55 for coniplynig and removing it, and is also formed withan annular series of depressions or reniunication with the passage 1.23, andv communicating with said groote 55 is an exhaast port 56. ing studv31 on a key 32, said key being The ports-l0, 4S, l?) and 50 respectively register with ports 5S, :37, 59 and tit) in thc' partition Q1, the ports 5T and 59 communicating with the upper end of the cylinder, while the ports 5 1' and (30 communicate with passages G1 and GQ in the walls of the cylinder and which open into the .saine at dif' 1 ferent distances above the bushing (i. 'hen the hammer 5 is at the limit of its upward movement it closes the lower end of the passage Gl, but extends above the lower end of the passage 62, while, when said hammer is fullyprojected andfin contact with the tool, it closes the passage GEZ and uncovers the passage G1. ln addition, the cylinder is provided'with a-longitudinal combined feed and exhaust passage G3, extending at its upper end into thel 'chest '2 for coiipci'ation with the port .55 and openingat its lower end into'tlie cylinder adiacent the lower end of the bushing.

The valve is provided with passages to coperatc with the aforesaid passage. Extending diainctrically through the valve is a main feed passage G4, which connects.- the ports Si and -lti wilcllthe valve is in thc positionshown in Flignl. Also formed in the valve alongside said passage 6l is an angie passage extending downwardly a1id"rear"y wardly and adapted when the valve is shifted to the `right to connect the port 37 with the upper end ot' the passage An exhaust passage' (itlextends at right angles -from the passage Get for coaction with the port 53 of the valve casing. while a passage tt? extends atright angles diainetrically through the velve from front to rcar for connecting the passage (33 with the ports 52 and 55 of the valve-casing.

Assuming the partsl of the valve mechanism to be in the position shown in Fig. 1 with the hammer retracted, it will be apparent that upon opening' the throttle valve 41 air from the passage 38 will feed through the ports 3T, G4? and e0 into the upper end of the cylinder and impel the hammer on its concussion stroke, iii which its lower end .contacts with the tool shank A', while its upper end closes the port and opens thc port Gl, allowing a portion of the air behind the hammer to feed through the passage 61 behind the left hand ciid of the valve, and shift thesanie to the right, so that the passage 6l will be moved out of register twith the ports :5T/and 4() and into register' exhaust through the ports 51 and 23, while air from the passage 38 will flow downward sot through the vpassage 65 and passage. 63 into the c vlinder below the hammerand force the latter bacltlto the normal position shown in Fig. 1, in whichl it closes the port 61 and opens the poi-t G2. i

On the upward or return movement of the hammer, the` unexpelled air in the cylinder above the saine exhausts, through the ports 59 and 49, passage 64, passage GG, poi-t` groove 5l and port :23, thus preventing the formation of a cushion between the partition and hammer on the return stroke, while as soon asthe port (32 is uncovered air from below the hammer will flow upward through said port into'the valve casing through the ports 60,and and shift the. valve back' to .the normal position shown in Fig. l-rfor the feed of air for the succeedingconcussion stroke of the hammer. The air thus flowing upward through the passage (SQ to shift the valve to the left, exhausts tlirou'gh'the port 56.' groove 55 and port 23, while the remainder of the ,air in the lower portion` of the cylinder exhausts; on the iinpelling stroke of the plunger through the passage 63, port passage 67groove 54 and port Q-3, thus preventing the formation of a cush-4 ion on siicii strette. t

It will he seen from the foregoing description that the Vdevice is entireiy autonia'tic in operation as long as the tliiottle valve is held open, and thatfthe feed valve is shifted solely by air pressure to its different posi-g' tions for'the movement of the hammer in reverse direetions,-thus dispensing with the use of. springs for controllingv in part the movement of such valve. Also it will be seen that the parts of the valve mechanism are readily accessible and may be conveniently removed for repairs or the substitution of new parts.

outlet port communicating with said final l outlet port, main feed ports'coniniui'iicating respectively14 with the air supply passage and main feed port in the chest. a combined feed and exhaust port communicating with said combined feed and exhaust passages.

ciprocatory valve in said barrel movable in reverse directions to open and close said exliaiist ports and having a main feed passage adapted in oiicpositioii of said valve to connect the main feed ports and in the other position of the valve to connect one of said exhaust ports: inthe chest with one of the lports of the double-ported exhaust groove, an anggnilarpassage adapted in thel second named position of the valve to connect the initial main feed port of the barrel with the combined feed and exhaust passage. an exhaust port for connecting the combined feed and exhaust passage with the other poi-t of the double-ported groove through said com- .bined feed and exhaust port, in the barrel when the valve is in its first named position, ,and a port communicating with the main feed port for connecting the exhaust port in tliebarrel with thc port of the singlevported exhaust groove through said' main feed port when `the named position.

2. In a pneumatic hammer, a 'cylinder having two exhaust passages an'd a coin-l valve is in its second bined feed andexhaist passage opening at ;90

different points therein, chest having. col" -actinfr exhaust noi-ts and a combined feed and exhaust port registering with siid passages and also 'provided with an -air supply passage, a main fe'ed portand afinal exhaust port, said! chest .being open and in` ternally threaded at one end, a reciprocating plunger operating in said cylinder, a barrel removably` inounted-in the chest and' provided with an outlet'port communicating with said final outlet port, main feed ports communicating respectively, with the air siippiy paseagea'nd main feed port in the chest, a combined feed and exhaust. port Aconnn'niiicating with said combined feed and exhaust passage, a pair of external exhaust grooves communicating with said'final exhaust port, a pair of exhaust ports communieating with one of said grooves, anda single exhaust port communicating with the other groove-a guide pin upon'theinterior of the bai-rel, and a reciprocat'ory valve in said bar rel'niovahle in reverse` directions to open hud close said exhaust ports and having a .main feed passigeadapted in one position of said valve to connect the main feed ports and in tl other position of the valve to connect one of said exhaust ports in the chest with one ofthe ports of the double-ported exhaust groove, an anguiar passage adapted Y in the second named position of the valve to connect theinitial main feed pci-t of the pair of'extei'nal exhans grooves commuiiieating with said final exhaust port. a pair 2 of exhaust. ports communicating with one of said grooves, and a' single exha'ust port conimunicatmg with the other groove, and a rcbarrel with the combined feed and exhaust passage, an exhaust port for connecting the combined feed and exhaust passage with the other poi't of the double-ported vgroove ;througli said combined feed and exhaust i port in the barrel when the' valve is in its tirs-t. named position, anda poi-t communiioo iio

i' f end of the chest and having a reduced po- `cnt'infrv with the main feed port for connecttion closing' the open end of f'ne bm01..amd 1Q? ing the exhaust port Am the barrel with the means, for lock A l mg said plu(r in minst* Port of the single-DOIQ exhaust Home Positionh j "d hrolggfh said main feed port when the valve In testimony whereof I affix my ,sgnn'lmo 1s in itssecond-named' position, said 'valve npresence of two wtncsees. being further provided with a `socket re- CHARLES L. JONES. cevingr said guide pin to hold the valve from v'tnese: n

rotary motion, a screw plug closnglhe open HARRY H. Gmesneumn,

WLLLIAM GlLLnsruz. 

